QAnswer -Enhanced Entity Matching for Question Answering over Linked Data

Abstract. QAnswer is a question answering system that uses DBpedia as a knowledge base and converts natural language questions into a SPARQL query. In order to improve the match between entities and relations and natural language text, we make use of Wikipedia to extract lexicalizations of the DBpedia entities and then match them with the question. These entities are validated on the ontology, while missing ones can be inferred. The proposed system was tested in the QALD-5 challenge and it obtained a F1 score of 0.30, which placed QAnswer in the second position in the challenge, despite the fact that the system used only a small subset of the properties in DBpedia, due to the long extraction process

The Planetary System: Web 3.0 Active Documents for STEM

AbstractIn this paper we present the Active Documents Paradigm (semantically annotated documents associated with a content commons that holds the corresponding background ontologies) and the Planetary system (as an active document player). We show that the current Planetary system gives a solid foundation and can be extended modularly to address most of the criteria of the Executable Papers Challenge

Genome-Wide Association Scan for Diabetic Nephropathy Susceptibility Genes in Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—Despite extensive evidence for genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy, the identification of susceptibility genes and their variants has had limited success. To search for genes that contribute to diabetic nephropathy, a genome-wide association scan was implemented on the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes collection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We genotyped 360,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 820 case subjects (284 with proteinuria and 536 with end-stage renal disease) and 885 control subjects with type 1 diabetes. Confirmation of implicated SNPs was sought in 1,304 participants of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, a long-term, prospective investigation of the development of diabetes- associated complications. RESULTS—A total of 13 SNPs located in four genomic loci were associated with diabetic nephropathy with P1105. The strongest association was at the FRMD3 (4.1 protein ezrin, radixin, moesin [FERM] domain containing 3) locus (odds ratio [OR]1.45, P5.0107). A strong association was also identified at the CARS (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase) locus (OR 1.36, P3.1106). Associations between both loci and time to onset of diabetic nephropathy were supported in the DCCT/EDIC study (hazard ratio [HR]1.33, P0.02, and HR1.32, P 0.01, respectively). We demonstrated expression of both FRMD3 and CARS in human kidney. CONCLUSIONS—We identified genetic associations for susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy at two novel candidate loci near the FRMD3 and CARS genes. Their identification implicates previously unsuspected pathways in the pathogenesis of this important late complication of type 1 diabetes

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P < 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P < 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

INFORMATION OCH FÖRBEREDELSER I MATNINGSSITUATION PÅ VÅRDAVDELNING AV SOMATISK KARAKTÄR

Studien visade hur patienter med funktionsnedsättningar förbereds inför en matningssituation på en somatisk vårdavdelning, som även omfattar vård-personalens bemötande gentemot patienterna samt om informationen gavs. Att tydliggöra och lyfta fram patientens upplevelse av matningen, är viktigt då det har stor inverkan på måltidssituationen. Resultatet visade att de patienter som blivit informerade och fått tillräckligt med tid för att förbereda sig verkade konsumera mer av sina portioner, än de som inte fick någon information. Brister fanns fram-förallt i informationsgivningen samt den tid patienten fick till att förbereda sig inför matningen. Vårdpersonalen på avdelningen där observationerna genom-fördes tog i stort sätt hänsyn till de grundläggande värderingarna som återges i hälso- och sjukvårdslagen (1982:763), ICN:s etiska kod (2000) samt kompetensbeskrivning för sjuksköterskor (Socialstyrelsen, 2005). De rön som har framkommit och redovisats i resultat delen är intressanta men underlaget av de tio deltagande patienterna är i minsta laget. Därför behövs det ytterligare forskning inom ämnet för att synliggöra vikten av informationsgivning och förberedelsernas betydelse för matkonsumtionen vid måltiden på en vårdavdelning av somatisk karaktär.Harde, S & Mirea, A. How briefing and preparation is carried out in a feeding situation on a nursing ward with surgical alignment. A semistructured observational study. Degree Projekt, 10 Credit Points, Nursing Programme, Malmö University: Health and Society, Department of Nursing, 2007.The purpose of this study was to describe how patients with decreased functions are prepared before a feeding situation. Ten observations were carried out on a nursing ward with surgical alignment. The result was analysed thru a worked up version of the basic steps for content analysis there both the latent and manifest methods were used. The thems that occurred were interplay, information as well as guidelines and routines. In those cases there information existed at preparations in line for a feeding situation verbal communication was used. The result showed that patients who were informed in a correct way and have recived sufficient time to prepare themselves before the feedingsituation often consumed more of the served meal in comparison to those that have not recived any information.Key words: ethics, feeding, information, nutrition, observation, personal contact, preparation

INFORMATION OCH FÖRBEREDELSER I MATNINGSSITUATION PÅ VÅRDAVDELNING AV SOMATISK KARAKTÄR

Studien visade hur patienter med funktionsnedsättningar förbereds inför en matningssituation på en somatisk vårdavdelning, som även omfattar vård-personalens bemötande gentemot patienterna samt om informationen gavs. Att tydliggöra och lyfta fram patientens upplevelse av matningen, är viktigt då det har stor inverkan på måltidssituationen. Resultatet visade att de patienter som blivit informerade och fått tillräckligt med tid för att förbereda sig verkade konsumera mer av sina portioner, än de som inte fick någon information. Brister fanns fram-förallt i informationsgivningen samt den tid patienten fick till att förbereda sig inför matningen. Vårdpersonalen på avdelningen där observationerna genom-fördes tog i stort sätt hänsyn till de grundläggande värderingarna som återges i hälso- och sjukvårdslagen (1982:763), ICN:s etiska kod (2000) samt kompetensbeskrivning för sjuksköterskor (Socialstyrelsen, 2005). De rön som har framkommit och redovisats i resultat delen är intressanta men underlaget av de tio deltagande patienterna är i minsta laget. Därför behövs det ytterligare forskning inom ämnet för att synliggöra vikten av informationsgivning och förberedelsernas betydelse för matkonsumtionen vid måltiden på en vårdavdelning av somatisk karaktär.Harde, S & Mirea, A. How briefing and preparation is carried out in a feeding situation on a nursing ward with surgical alignment. A semistructured observational study. Degree Projekt, 10 Credit Points, Nursing Programme, Malmö University: Health and Society, Department of Nursing, 2007.The purpose of this study was to describe how patients with decreased functions are prepared before a feeding situation. Ten observations were carried out on a nursing ward with surgical alignment. The result was analysed thru a worked up version of the basic steps for content analysis there both the latent and manifest methods were used. The thems that occurred were interplay, information as well as guidelines and routines. In those cases there information existed at preparations in line for a feeding situation verbal communication was used. The result showed that patients who were informed in a correct way and have recived sufficient time to prepare themselves before the feedingsituation often consumed more of the served meal in comparison to those that have not recived any information.Key words: ethics, feeding, information, nutrition, observation, personal contact, preparation